Transatlantic: A Review of the Whole Journey

We set out from Baltimore with the dream of sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. We made it, but not the way we planned it!

We first left in July of 2017 with plans to make it across that year. Well, we did make it across, but not until 2018, and we didn’t actually make it all the way across until 2019!

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North Atlantic in June

North Atlantic in June

We left Baltimore in July 2017 and planned to sail down the Chesapeake Bay for a few months and then cross the North Atlantic in the winter. We would leave the Chesapeake Bay and head towards Bermuda for our “Shake Down Cruise”. If things were going well, we would just keep going. If things were not going so well, we could pull into Bermuda and carry out repairs or changes that needed to be made. That was a cute plan!

North Atlantic in October

North Atlantic in October

Well, we did leave the Chesapeake Bay and quickly felt the fury of the North Atlantic in the winter! It was only October but there were frequent gales, and they lasted for days!

Our first ocean storm happened off of Hatteras, NC, an area known for having some of the worst storms in the Atlantic. The waters just off of Hatteras are dubbed “The Graveyard of the Atlantic” due to the high number of shipwrecks that have happened there over the past 500 years of known sailing in those waters.

This was a great place to be for our first storm! I don’t mean that sarcastically. It was horrible and put the fear of the Ocean right into the core of our soul so that we would never try anything as stupid as sailing out of season again!

The time to cross the North Atlantic is June/July, not October/November!

June

June

October

October

Just look at the difference! In June, the winds are light and pleasant; in October the winds are strong and fierce! What were we thinking!

We soon retreated and were towed into Hatteras where we carried out many repairs. Once the boat was working again, we decided to do the logical thing and sail South for the winter, winter in the Bahamas and then leave from the Bahamas when the weather was appropriate for crossing the Atlantic. That ended our plan of crossing the Atlantic in 2017!

We did just that and spent months trying to get down the ICW in our deep draft boat with a small electric motor that had a tiny battery bank! That was another lesson: Blue water boats are not ICW boats!

Once in the Bahamas, we waited until the weather was better so we could sail to the Azores. June of 2018 came around and the weather was looking much calmer than it did in the winter! We had a crew member aboard because our parents wanted us to have a crew member (in case something happened to one of us as we sailed across for our first time). Husband and wife cruising is great, but if something happens to one of the two, the other becomes a single hander. Having a third person on board means that if something happens to someone, you are now a two person crew.

Our crew member was a firm believer in strict schedules and didn’t understand how sailboats and schedules work together (they don’t work together). He threatened to leave if we didn’t shove off in the next few days! We decided that we could just float around until the weather calmed down and then start sailing once everything went right and he wouldn’t be able to leave because he would be trapped on a boat out at sea!

This seemed like a good idea at the time, but it was a horrible idea! First, crew is not necessary. Maddie and I have sailed close to 17,000 nautical miles at this point (and that’s only been from Baltimore, MD, USA to El Ejido, Spain) Set the boat up for single handing and you will be fine with any number of crew. If something catastrophic happens, the sole survivor can still manage the yacht. If you ever have crew start calling orders like that, it will not get better as time goes on. That is the first sign that you need to send them packing and kick them off your boat!

We didn’t know that at the time and ended up spending weeks at sea with an angry person! That made the painfully slow journey very stressful. Bermuda, once again, served as a “as needed” stopping point. If we were having problems with or on the boat, Bermuda would serve as a place to repair and remedy those problems. The remedy we needed came in the form of an international airport to send the angry crew member packing!

Aside from some anger management issues with our crew, the sail to Bermuda was one of the most beautiful sails I have ever experienced. Everyday, the water was glass calm and we barely felt like we were moving. This was because we were not moving (we had 7 days in a row where we averaged 20 nautical miles per 24 hour period). There was no wind and we were just floating along on the weak ocean currents in the area as we were carried across a very large high pressure system that flushed all the wind out of the area. The sky was always clear blue and the clouds in the distance looked fake. The sunsets looked like God had painted the sky and sea together with vast purples, oranges, and reds. Every morning and evening was absolutely beautiful and breathtaking!

We anchored in Bermuda and waited a few days for the winds to become favorable to sail to the Azores. This only took about 4 days and then we left St. George’s Harbor. The winds were beautiful and the first four days of the passage were warm and on a beam reach. We sailed along without adjusting a single line for four full days! Our passage to the Azores was around 26 days and when we made it there, we were elated!

The Azores are my favorite place to visit and we have actually arranged to fly through them whenever we fly back to visit family.

We arrived and had a few weeks until we would need to leave to sail to Portugal before the season would come to a close. We learned our lesson in the beginning that you do not sail outside of the season and we were not about to make that mistake again!

The season to sail from the Azores to Portugal is rather short, it starts in May and ends in August. If you go before or after, you will regret it! Since we didn’t want to rush this beautiful place, we decided that we would wait until next May to leave. So, our short stopover in the Azores that started in August 2018 soon became a very long stopover as we didn’t leave until June 2019, 10 months later!

In that time, we made wonderful friends, learned how to speak Portuguese, and got Portuguese residency! We also repainted the topsides of the boat, gutted and refit the head, Maddie’s closet, and the galley. We learned a lot on our passage across the Atlantic and decided that the winter stay in the Azores would be a great time to carry out these projects that we had been putting off.

May 2019 rolled around and the weather just wasn’t right yet to leave, so we waited. Then in June 2019, the weather improved and we could leave, but we didn’t want to. We were having so much fun in the Azores that we really didn’t want to leave! Then, another cruiser came over to our boat for sundowners (sunset drinks) and began telling us about his cruising adventures. He had sailed far and wide and then pulled into the Azores for a few weeks… 10 years ago! He also loved it and decided to stay a little longer, and a little longer, and a little longer, and now he has lived there for a decade!

We were falling into the same trap, so we decided that we needed to leave, but that we would be back. Most places, when we leave, we know we are never going to see again. We make sure we see everything we want to see, eat everything we want to taste, and soak up every last sunset we can there because we will never return. Pictures, videos, and memories will be all we will ever have of those places. The Azores was not going to be that way!

We looked at the sky and found a good time to leave based on the clouds and what they were telling Herby about the weather to come and we set sail. We left the Azores and sailed North to catch the Westerlies that would carry us to Europe.

The sail to the Azores was calm, sunny, and warm; the sail to Europe was not! It was rough, rainy, and cold! The further North you sail the rougher the weather gets and it became very apparent that we didn’t want to sail any further North than we had to. At 47*N, the winds were consistently out of the West and we were well above the high pressure system that sits between the Azores and Portugal. This meant that we could safely and swiftly make our way to the Iberian Peninsula and reach the other side of the ocean.

We left on June 14, 2018 made landfall on July 1st, 2019 and completed our first Atlantic Crossing. It took 382 days to sail across, or 9168 hours to finally make it to the other side! Naturally, there were many stops along the way, and the stops account for the grand majority of the passage time! But the stops are also what makes the passage worthwhile.

Just sitting back and thinking, I remember a few sunsets where the clouds were absolutely amazing, a few nights where the luminescence was especially stunning, or when dolphins would swim in the dark waters glowing and leaving a trail of sparkles behind them. I remember the night sky, and the endless waves, but my strongest memories are of the places we stopped along the way: the caves in Bermuda, the low stone walls of the Azores, the fish and chips in Hamilton or the Alcatra in Angra do Heroismo. My strongest memories of our transatlantic voyage are not of the passage itself but of the places we stopped along the way.

Transatlantic: Azores to Portugal: Review

When we left the Azores, our destination was Northern Portugal. The straight line distance was roughly 800 nautical miles and most people motor straight to there in about 6 to 7 days.

Our route might look very “Out of the way” since we made this giant arc heading very North before turning East and making our way to the coast of Portugal. My inspiration for this course was from something I found in an old illustration. It showed the Portuguese trade routes between the Azores and Portugal. The ships would leave the Azores and sail far North, then come down onto the coast without issue.

These ships were condemned to only sail down wind with their square sails and non-functional keel! Therefore, if this is the downwind route that was used reliably for trade in the age before motors, then this was going to be our route!

Looking at a typical day in the Atlantic Ocean, you can see the winds rising up from the Azores, until it gets far North and begins to rotate and come back down onto the Portuguese Coast. Along the coast, the winds pick up speed and there is a consistent current as well which makes Northward sailing unpleasant and unproductive!

Our route was a bit longer at around 1,800 nautical miles! We certainly went up and out of the way, but at no time had to beat into the weather! The whole journey was a downwind sail which made the rough conditions we encountered less awful.

I won’t say that sailing downwind in a storm conditions is pleasant, as there is nothing pleasant about heavy weather. Tactics are employed to make the horrible situation “less” horrible. That being said, we at no time feared for our lives or anything like that. Instead, Maddie dealt with sea sickness and we ate or slept our way across the ocean.

The whole journey was rather long. We departed June 13, 2019 and arrived July 1, 2019. This means we spent 19 days on the water and all but a few of those days were spent sailing in nice conditions!

The route was very simple. When we left Terceira, we sailed North until we reached 47*N. That that point, the winds were consistently blowing out of the West and we were able to sail East towards the Iberian Peninsula. From there, we made our way East until we were close to the NW point of the Iberian Peninsula where we then turned and made our sail South towards our destination. When we turned South, we were now in the Portuguese Trade Winds which blow rather strongly and consistently out of the North. There is also a reliable current here which rips along out of the North as well.

This means that if you are sailing South, you will have a spirited down wind and down current passage. If you are trying to make a straight shot and sail directly from the Azores, you will now have a horrible time.

Countless cruisers recounted to us about how they had the most peaceful (motor) sail from the Azores to Portugal, but then the last two days, the winds would become really strong and they would have to beat into these horrible seas until they made it to Lisbon, or Porto, or wherever they were going.

Our lack of motor motivated me to seek out an alternative route to get there without having to beat into the weather at the very end of the journey.

In my studies is when I learned about what made all of these tales the same. The last two days they had a head wind that was really strong. This headwind comes from the fact that the current is taking them South and in order to fight the current, the yacht needs to turn slightly North so that the yacht can then crab its way across the sea.

When the yacht turns slightly North to counteract the current, the beam winds they are expecting to have in the Portuguese Trades become winds just ahead of the beam and that is when they start beating.

The alternative is to originate your ventures in the Portuguese Trades so far North that the wind and current are merely helping you reach your destination and that is exactly what we did.

Things To Keep In Mind When Preparing To Go Backpacking

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It’s true, you’ll sometimes have to go with the flow when you’re out on the road. However, taking the time to thoroughly prepare yourself before your backpacking trip will drastically increase your chances of having a safe and enjoyable experience. 

 

So, before you venture into the wilderness, be sure to check the following off your to-do list.

Choose An Easy Destination For Your First Trip

Your first backpacking trip will mostly be about understanding your gear and learning the basics of surviving on just a few essentials. This is why you’ll want to pick an easy destination that allows you to get comfortable with the logistics of backpacking before you can really push your limits and tackle more challenging trails.

 

Because hiking requires a lot of physical energy, you’ll need more than your average supply of water to stay hydrated, which is why having an accessible source of fresh and clean water is vital. So before choosing a destination, look at the maps of the trails and see where the streams, springs, or rivers meet the tracks. These would probably be the best locations to gather and filter drinking water.

 

You should also keep the elevation gain in mind. For an easy first trip, aim for a few hundred feet of elevation gain or less; the less you have to ascend or descend, the less energy you’ll spend and the easier your trip will be. If you don’t have much experience, it pays to choose a well-well-traveled trail and a popular destination. This way, if you run into any difficulties or you accidentally get hurt, you’ll have other backpackers nearby who can help you out.

Get the Right Gear

Having the right gear for your trip is crucial, however, determining the items that you actually need can be quite intimidating, especially when you’re new to backpacking. If you’re not sure where to begin, start by covering the eleven backpacking basics, which are: food, water, shelter, tools, fire, clothing, navigation, lighting, first aid, hygiene, and sun protection.



Pretty much all the essentials you’ll need include your headlamp, sunglasses, utility knife, sunscreen, and toilet paper will fall into these categories. If you’re having trouble filtering through the infinite choices out there, head here where you’ll find numerous comprehensive guides to every type of backpacking gear you may possibly need. Regardless of the brands and models you choose, make sure that your backpacking gear is lightweight, especially the ones that normally take up the most space like your sleeping bag or your tent.

Pack the Necessary Permits, and Documents

Many popular backpacking destinations require special permits. To avoid getting in trouble or possibly even ruining your trip, be sure to check with a local land management agency and learn about the necessary requirements in advance. If you’re backpacking across borders, your passport, credit cards, and driving license are paramount and if you’re headed to a tropical destination or a developing country, consult your healthcare provider and see if there are any vaccinations that you need to take. Ideally, you should visit your general practitioner well ahead of time — at least 4 to 6 weeks beforehand.

Test Your Gear at Home

One of the biggest mistakes you can do is wait until you’re out on the trail to try your gear. Before you set out on your backpacking adventure, you should always do a test run at home so that you can rest assured that everything is going to work properly when you’re out there.



This mostly applies to your tent, but it pays to try all your gear to make sure that you’re familiar with how everything works. After all, you wouldn’t want to be stuck in the middle of the trail on a pitch-black night trying to turn on your headlamp only to find that it’s missing a battery.



Testing your gear before you head out allows you to know if it’s missing any essential pieces, this way you can avoid many inconvenient, and possibly even dangerous, situations. Some examples of the most important things to check at home include testing your water filter and checking that your tent has all the poles and guy-lines you need to safely secure it.



We hope that the list above covered the most important points that you need to tick off your list before you hit the road. With the aforementioned tips in mind, you should now be pretty well prepared for your upcoming backpacking trip. Are you ready to broaden your horizons beyond the terrains and the campsites? Then pack your bag and get going, the great outdoors are calling!

Cotter Pin Leg Experiment

In one of our videos, the amount I spread the legs of a cotter pin was brought into question. I spread the legs 15 degrees because that is what I learned when I was reading about rigging.
The rationale behind it is the cotter pin legs need to be spread enough to hold the pin in place. The more you spread the legs, the more the legs will be able to hold the pin in place; but the more strained the metal will be and that could lead to the leg breaking and failing to retain the cotter pin!

The two schools of thought are: 15 degrees or wrap the legs around so they come back and touch the head.

Which is better? Which is stronger? How much is the metal stressed in the process of bending?

I set out and tested this very question and will be making a video about it shortly, I just wanted to let you guys know about this project I’m working on!

Some quick results:

Test 1: 15* 487 cycles, 90* 44 cycles

Test 2: 15* 545 cycles, 90* 85 cycles

There is a bit of spread between the two tests, but the results are pretty consistent that spreading the legs 15* hardly strains the metal while bending the legs 90* is 10 times more stressful to the cotter pin!

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Getting Ready to Return to the Boat

We flew home to visit our family over Christmas, but now the time is coming for us to return to the boat.

We, as usual, are flying with many weird items that we feel are important that we transport.

These items are:

  1. New Dodger

  2. Replacement Electric Motor

  3. Replacement Electric Motor Controller

  4. Wet Suits

  5. SCUBA gear

  6. All our Camera Equipment

Some of these items are necessary to repair or replace our gear on the boat, and some of these items are the result of Christmas Gifts!

Either way, now we have all this large and odd cargo that we need to get into our suitcases so we can take it back to the boat.

At the beginning of our trips to the States to visit family, the end of the trip always seems so far away and so dreaded. We enjoy seeing everyone and visiting with old friends. Then time passes and we seem to get a hankering to get on a plane and fly back to the boat. This itchy feeling that we have spent enough time here and we need to get on the move again overcomes me and drives me to go.

I wonder if this is a result of knowing that the visit is coming to an end or if I just am used to always being on the move. In our sailing lives, we get somewhere and enjoy that place deeply. Then one day, we wake up and are ready to go, so we raise anchor and leave!

I wonder if when we finally sail back to the states, will that feeling still exist in me? Will I settle down somewhere only to get that hankering to go again? Will I then feel stuck or trapped?